 Tungsten was among the first alloying elements systematically used - as early as the middle of the last century - to improve steel properties. It has been one of the most important alloying constituents in tool steels and constructional steels and was added to enhance the properties of hardness, cutting efficiency and speed of tools.
These highly alloyed steels are used primarily in working, cutting and forming of metal components. They must thus possess high hardness and strength, combined with good toughness, over a broad temperature range.
During World War II, a shortage of tungsten and an increasing demand for tools forced US and European steel makers to find a substitute, and molybdenum was chosen to replace tungsten in varying percentages. This was also cost efficient as the price was lower and the atomic weight is only half that of tungsten (1% Mo is roughly equivalent to 2% of W).
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